Kutengera maubwino ofananirako kuti apindule anthu padziko lonse lapansi - kuwunikiranso zakukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ku China(1)

Posachedwapa, maphwando osiyanasiyana kunyumba ndi kunja alabadira nkhani zokhudzana ndi mphamvu yopangira makampani amphamvu a China. Pachifukwa ichi, tiyenera kuumirira kutenga kawonedwe ka msika ndi kawonedwe ka dziko lonse, kuyambira pa malamulo a zachuma, ndikuyang'ana molunjika ndi mwachiyankhulo. Pankhani ya kudalirana kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, chinsinsi chowunika ngati pali kuthekera kochulukira muzinthu zofananira zimadalira kufunikira kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuthekera kwachitukuko chamtsogolo. Zogulitsa ku China zamagalimoto amagetsi, mabatire a lithiamu, zinthu za photovoltaic, ndi zina zotero sizinangowonjezera ndalama zapadziko lonse komanso kuchepetsa kutsika kwa inflation padziko lonse, komanso zathandiza kwambiri pazochitika zapadziko lonse pakusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusintha kobiriwira ndi kutsika kwa carbon. Posachedwapa, tipitiriza kufotokoza ndemanga zingapo kudzera mugawoli kuti tithandize mbali zonse kumvetsetsa momwe chitukuko ndi machitidwe a makampani atsopano a magetsi akuyendera.

Mu 2023, China idatumiza magalimoto atsopano okwana 1.203 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 77.6% kuposa chaka chatha. Maiko omwe akupita kumayiko opitilira 180 ku Europe, Asia, Oceania, America, Africa ndi madera ena. Magalimoto aku China omwe ali ndi mphamvu zatsopano amakondedwa kwambiri ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali m'gulu lazogulitsa kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto atsopano m'maiko ambiri. Izi zikuwonetsa kuchulukirachulukira kwamakampani opanga magalimoto aku China padziko lonse lapansi komanso zikuwonetsa zabwino zomwe makampani aku China ali nazo.

Ubwino wampikisano wapadziko lonse wamakampani opanga magalimoto amphamvu aku China umachokera kuzaka zopitilira 70 zogwira ntchito molimbika komanso chitukuko chaukadaulo, komanso kupindula ndi makina athunthu amakampani ndi njira zogulitsira, maubwino amsika akulu komanso mpikisano wokwanira wamsika.

Gwirani ntchito molimbika pa luso lanu lamkati ndikupeza mphamvu mwa kudzikundikira.Tikayang'ana m'mbuyo pa mbiri ya chitukuko cha mafakitale a magalimoto ku China, Choyamba Automobile Manufacturing Plant inayamba kumangidwa ku Changchun mu 1953. Mu 1956, galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ku China inagubuduza kuchokera pamzere wa msonkhano wa Changchun First Automobile Manufacturing Plant. Mu 2009, idakhala yoyamba kupanga komanso kugulitsa magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2023, kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto kupitilira mayunitsi 30 miliyoni. Bizinesi yamagalimoto ku China yakula kuchokera pachiyambi, yakula kuchokera ku yaying'ono kupita yayikulu, ndipo ikupita patsogolo molimba mtima kupyola muzokwera ndi zotsika. Makamaka m'zaka 10 zapitazi, makampani opanga magalimoto ku China adalandira mwachangu mwayi wopangira magetsi komanso kusintha kwanzeru, kufulumizitsa kusintha kwake kukhala magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino pakukula kwa mafakitale. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Kupanga ndi kugulitsa kwa magalimoto atsopano ku China kwakhala patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zotsatizana. Oposa theka la magalimoto atsopano padziko lonse lapansi akuyendetsa ku China. Ukadaulo wonse wamagetsi ndiwotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali zochulukira zambiri muukadaulo watsopano monga kuyitanitsa kwatsopano, kuyendetsa bwino, komanso kuyitanitsa kwamagetsi apamwamba. China Kutsogola padziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba woyendetsa galimoto.

Sinthani dongosolo ndikuwongolera zachilengedwe.China yakhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi lamagetsi, kuphatikiza osati magawo okhawo opanga ndi kupereka maukonde agalimoto zamagalimoto azikhalidwe, komanso njira yoperekera mabatire, zowongolera zamagetsi, makina oyendetsa magetsi, zinthu zamagetsi ndi mapulogalamu amagetsi atsopano. monga kulipiritsa ndi kusintha. Machitidwe othandizira monga magetsi ndi mabatire obwezeretsanso. Kuyika kwa mabatire amagetsi atsopano aku China kumapitilira 60% yonse padziko lonse lapansi. Makampani asanu ndi limodzi a batri amphamvu kuphatikizapo CATL ndi BYD alowa khumi pamwamba pa kukhazikitsa batri yamagetsi padziko lonse; zida zofunika zamabatire amphamvu monga ma elekitirodi abwino, ma elekitirodi opanda pake, olekanitsa, ndi ma electrolytes Kutumiza kwapadziko lonse kumaposa 70%; magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi ndi makampani owongolera zamagetsi monga Verdi Power amatsogolera dziko lapansi kukula kwa msika; makampani angapo a mapulogalamu ndi ma hardware omwe amapanga ndi kupanga tchipisi tapamwamba komanso machitidwe oyendetsa mwanzeru akula; China yamanga zida zolipirira zopitilira 9 miliyoni Pali makampani opitilira 14,000 obwezeretsanso mabatire ku Taiwan, omwe ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi potengera kukula kwake.

Mpikisano wofanana, luso komanso kubwerezabwereza.Msika watsopano wamagalimoto aku China uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso kukula, mpikisano wokwanira wamsika, komanso kuvomereza kwamatekinoloje atsopano kwa ogula, ndikupereka malo abwino amsika kuti apititse patsogolo kukweza kwamagetsi amagetsi atsopano ndiukadaulo wanzeru komanso kuwongolera mosalekeza kwa mpikisano wazinthu. Mu 2023, kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto atsopano aku China kudzakhala 9.587 miliyoni ndi mayunitsi 9.495 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 35.8% ndi 37.9% motsatana. Mtengo wolowera malonda udzafika pa 31.6%, kuwerengera zoposa 60% za malonda apadziko lonse; magalimoto atsopano opangidwa m'dziko langa ali pamsika wapakhomo Pafupifupi magalimoto 8.3 miliyoni adagulitsidwa, zomwe zimaposa 85%. China ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri wamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi komanso msika wamagalimoto otsegula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Makampani opanga magalimoto amitundumitundu ndi makampani aku China amagalimoto amapikisana pamlingo womwewo pamsika waku China, amapikisana mwachilungamo komanso mokwanira, ndikulimbikitsa kukweza kwachangu komanso kothandiza kwaukadaulo wazogulitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ogula aku China ali ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu komanso kufunikira kwamagetsi ndiukadaulo wanzeru. Deta ya kafukufuku yochokera ku National Information Center ikuwonetsa kuti 49.5% ya ogula magalimoto amagetsi atsopano amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magetsi monga maulendo apaulendo, mawonekedwe a batri ndi nthawi yolipirira pogula galimoto. Magwiridwe, 90.7% ya ogula magalimoto amagetsi atsopano adanena kuti ntchito zanzeru monga Internet of Vehicles ndi kuyendetsa bwino ndizomwe zimagula magalimoto awo.