Kukula kwa magalimoto amphamvu zatsopano kuli pachimake, ndipo nkhani yobwezeretsanso mphamvu yakhalanso imodzi mwazinthu zomwe makampani adapereka chidwi chonse. Pamene aliyense akukangana za ubwino wowonjezera ndi kusinthana kwa batri, kodi pali "Plan C" yolipiritsa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu?
Mwina motengera kuyitanitsa mafoni a m'manja opanda zingwe, kulipiritsa opanda zingwe pamagalimoto kwakhalanso imodzi mwaukadaulo womwe mainjiniya adagonjetsa. Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, posachedwapa, ukadaulo wopangira ma waya opanda zingwe amapeza kafukufuku wopambana. Gulu lofufuza ndi chitukuko linanena kuti cholumikizira opanda zingwe chimatha kutumiza mphamvu kugalimoto ndi mphamvu ya 100kW, zomwe zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa batire ndi 50% mkati mwa mphindi 20.
Zachidziwikire, ukadaulo wapagalimoto wopanda zingwe siukadaulo watsopano. Ndi kukwera kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, magulu osiyanasiyana akhala akuyang'ana mawayilesi opanda zingwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphatikiza BBA, Volvo ndi makampani osiyanasiyana amagalimoto apanyumba.
Ponseponse, ukadaulo wopangira ma waya opanda zingwe akadali koyambirira, ndipo maboma ambiri am'deralo akutenganso mwayiwu kuti afufuze zomwe zingatheke mayendedwe amtsogolo. Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu monga mtengo, mphamvu, ndi zomangamanga, ukadaulo wamagalimoto opanda zingwe wagulitsidwa kwambiri. Pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zikufunikabe kuthana nazo. Nkhani yatsopano yokhudza kulipiritsa opanda zingwe m'magalimoto sikophweka kunena panobe.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, kulipira opanda zingwe sichachilendo pamakampani amafoni am'manja. Kulipiritsa opanda zingwe pamagalimoto sikudziwika ngati kulipiritsa mafoni am'manja, koma kwakopa kale makampani ambiri kukhumbira ukadaulo uwu.
Ponseponse, pali njira zinayi zopangira ma waya opanda zingwe: ma elekitiromamagnetic induction, magnetic field resonance, electric field coupling, ndi mafunde a wailesi. Pakati pawo, mafoni a m'manja ndi magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi ndi maginito.
Mwa iwo, ma electromagnetic induction wireless charger amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya electromagnetic induction ya electromagnetism ndi magnetism kupanga magetsi. Ili ndi mphamvu yolipiritsa kwambiri, koma mtunda wokwanira wolipiritsa ndi waufupi komanso zofunikira za malo olipira ndizolimba. Kunena zoona, maginito opanda zingwe a maginito amafunikira malo ocheperako komanso mtunda wautali wothamangitsa, womwe ungathe kuthandizira ma centimita angapo mpaka mamita angapo, koma kuyendetsa bwino ndikotsika pang'ono kuposa koyamba.
Chifukwa chake, koyambirira kowonera ukadaulo wopangira ma waya opanda zingwe, makampani amagalimoto adakonda ukadaulo wopangira ma electromagnetic induction wireless charger. Makampani oyimira akuphatikizapo BMW, Daimler ndi makampani ena amagalimoto. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ukadaulo wa maginito opangira ma waya opanda zingwe wakhala ukukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono, akuyimiridwa ndi ogulitsa makina monga Qualcomm ndi WiTricity.
Kumayambiriro kwa July 2014, BMW ndi Daimler (tsopano Mercedes-Benz) adalengeza mgwirizano wogwirizana kuti apange luso lopangira ma waya opanda zingwe pamagalimoto amagetsi. Mu 2018, BMW idayamba kupanga makina opangira ma waya opanda zingwe ndikuchipanga kukhala chida chosankha chamitundu 5 ya plug-in hybrid. Mphamvu yake yolipirira ndi 3.2kW, kutembenuka kwamphamvu kumafika 85%, ndipo imatha kulipiritsidwa kwathunthu mu maola 3.5.
Mu 2021, Volvo idzagwiritsa ntchito tekesi yamagetsi ya XC40 kuyambitsa kuyesa kolipiritsa opanda zingwe ku Sweden. Volvo yakhazikitsa mwapadera madera oyesera angapo mutawuni ya Gothenburg, Sweden. Magalimoto olipira amangofunika kuyimitsidwa pazida zolipiritsa opanda zingwe zomwe zili mumsewu kuti zingoyambitsa ntchitoyo. Volvo yati mphamvu yake yochapira opanda zingwe imatha kufika 40kW, ndipo imatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 100 mkati mwa mphindi 30.
Pankhani ya kulipiritsa opanda zingwe zamagalimoto, dziko langa nthawi zonse limakhala patsogolo pamakampani. Mu 2015, China Southern Power Grid Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute inamanga njira yoyamba yoyesera magalimoto amagetsi opanda zingwe. Mu 2018, SAIC Roewe idakhazikitsa mtundu woyamba wamagetsi wopanda zingwe. FAW Hongqi idakhazikitsa Hongqi E-HS9 yomwe imathandizira umisiri wolipiritsa opanda zingwe mu 2020. Mu Marichi 2023, SAIC Zhiji idakhazikitsa mwalamulo njira yake yoyamba yopangira ma 11kW yamphamvu kwambiri yopangira ma waya opanda zingwe.
Ndipo Tesla ndi m'modzi mwa ofufuza pazambiri zopanda zingwe. Mu June 2023, Tesla adawononga US $ 76 miliyoni kuti agule Wiferion ndikumutcha dzina lakuti Tesla Engineering Germany GmbH, akukonzekera kupititsa patsogolo kulipiritsa opanda zingwe pamtengo wotsika. M'mbuyomu, CEO wa Tesla, Musk, anali ndi malingaliro oyipa okhudza kulipiritsa opanda zingwe ndipo adadzudzula kuti kulipiritsa opanda zingwe ndi "mphamvu zochepa komanso zosakwanira". Tsopano akuchitcha kuti tsogolo labwino.
Inde, makampani ambiri amagalimoto monga Toyota, Honda, Nissan, ndi General Motors akupanganso ukadaulo wotsatsa opanda zingwe.
Ngakhale maphwando ambiri adafufuza kwanthawi yayitali pankhani yoyitanitsa opanda zingwe, ukadaulo wamagalimoto opanda zingwe akadali kutali kuti ukhale weniweni. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwake ndi mphamvu. Tengani chitsanzo cha Hongqi E-HS9 monga chitsanzo. Ukadaulo wothamangitsa opanda zingwe womwe ili nawo uli ndi mphamvu yopitilira 10kW, yomwe ndi yokwera pang'ono kuposa mphamvu ya 7kW ya mulu wothamangitsa pang'onopang'ono. Zitsanzo zina zimatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya 3.2kW. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe kuphweka konse ndi kuyendetsa bwino koteroko.
Zoonadi, ngati mphamvu yolipiritsa opanda zingwe ikawongoleredwa, itha kukhala nkhani ina. Mwachitsanzo, monga tanenera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, gulu lofufuza ndi chitukuko lapeza mphamvu yotulutsa 100kW, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati mphamvu yotereyi ingapezeke, galimotoyo imatha kuperekedwa mokwanira mu ola limodzi. Ngakhale ndizovuta kufananiza ndi kuyitanitsa kwakukulu, akadali kusankha kwatsopano pakuwonjezera mphamvu.
Kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, mwayi waukulu waukadaulo wamagalimoto opanda zingwe ndikuchepetsa masitepe apamanja. Poyerekeza ndi kulipiritsa mawaya, eni galimoto ayenera kuchita zinthu zingapo monga kuyimika magalimoto, kutsika galimoto, kutenga mfuti, pluging ndi kulipiritsa, etc. Poyang'anizana ndi milu yolipiritsa ya chipani chachitatu, ayenera kudzaza zambiri. , yomwe ndi njira yovuta kwambiri.
Chochitika chojambulira opanda zingwe ndichosavuta. Dalaivala akaimitsa galimotoyo, chipangizocho chimangoimva kenako n’kuchitchaja popanda ziwaya. Galimotoyo ikamalizidwa mokwanira, galimotoyo imachoka molunjika, ndipo mwiniwake safunika kuchitanso zina. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, zidzapatsanso anthu malingaliro apamwamba akamagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi.
Chifukwa chiyani kulipiritsa opanda zingwe pamagalimoto kumakopa chidwi chotere kuchokera kwa mabizinesi ndi ogulitsa? Kuchokera kumalingaliro achitukuko, kufika kwa nthawi yopanda dalaivala ingakhalenso nthawi ya chitukuko chachikulu chaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanda zingwe. Kuti magalimoto akhale opanda dalaivala, amafunika kulipiritsa opanda zingwe kuti achotse maunyolo a zingwe zolipiritsa.
Chifukwa chake, ambiri ogulitsa omwe amalipira ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza chitukuko chaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanda zingwe. Chimphona chachikulu cha ku Germany Siemens chikulosera kuti msika wolipiritsa opanda zingwe wamagalimoto amagetsi ku Europe ndi North America ufikira US $ 2 biliyoni pofika 2028. Kuti izi zitheke, koyambirira kwa June 2022, Nokia idayika US $ 25 miliyoni kuti ipeze gawo laling'ono laogulitsa opanda zingwe WiTricity. kulimbikitsa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha makina opangira ma waya opanda zingwe.
Siemens imakhulupirira kuti kuyendetsa opanda waya kwa magalimoto amagetsi kudzakhala kofala m'tsogolomu. Kuphatikiza pakupanga kulipiritsa kukhala kosavuta, kulipiritsa opanda zingwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakuzindikira kuyendetsa galimoto. Ngati tikufunadi kukhazikitsa magalimoto odziyendetsa okha pamlingo waukulu, ukadaulo wopangira ma waya ndi wofunikira. Ichi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri mu dziko la autonomous galimoto.
Zoonadi, ziyembekezo ndi zazikulu, koma zenizeni ndi zoipa. Pakalipano, njira zowonjezeretsa mphamvu zamagalimoto amagetsi zikukula mosiyanasiyana, ndipo chiyembekezo cha kulipiritsa opanda zingwe chikuyembekezeredwa kwambiri. Komabe, malinga ndi momwe tikuonera pano, ukadaulo wopangira ma waya opanda zingwe akadali pachiyeso ndipo akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri, monga kukwera mtengo, kuyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono, miyezo yosagwirizana, komanso kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa malonda.
Vuto la kulipiritsa bwino ndi chimodzi mwazopinga. Mwachitsanzo, tidakambirana nkhani yogwira ntchito bwino mu Hongqi E-HS9 yomwe tatchulayi. Kutsika kwachangu kwa kulipiritsa opanda zingwe kwatsutsidwa. Pakali pano, mphamvu ya kulipiritsa opanda zingwe yamagalimoto amagetsi ndiyotsika kuposa ya mawaya chifukwa cha kutha kwa mphamvu panthawi yotumizira ma waya.
Kutengera mtengo, kulipiritsa opanda zingwe pamagalimoto kumafunika kuchepetsedwa. Kulipiritsa opanda zingwe kuli ndi zofunika kwambiri pazomangamanga. Zida zolipirira nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pansi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwapansi ndi zina. Mtengo womanga udzakhala wokwera kuposa mtengo wamilu yolipiritsa wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kumayambiriro kwa kukwezedwa kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wopanda zingwe, unyolo wamafakitale ndi wakhanda, ndipo mtengo wa magawo okhudzana udzakhala wokwera, ngakhale kangapo mtengo wapanyumba AC kulipiritsa milu ndi mphamvu yomweyo.
Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa mabasi aku Britain a FirstBus adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wochapira opanda zingwe polimbikitsa kuyika magetsi kwa zombo zake. Komabe, pambuyo poyang'anira, zidapezeka kuti aliyense wopereka mapanelo othamangitsa pansi amatchula mapaundi 70,000. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo womanga misewu yopanda zingwe ndi yokwera. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wopangira msewu wochapira opanda zingwe wamakilomita 1.6 ku Sweden ndi pafupifupi US$12.5 miliyoni.
Zachidziwikire, zovuta zachitetezo zitha kukhalanso imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa ukadaulo wacharging opanda zingwe. Malinga ndi momwe zimakhudzira thupi la munthu, kulipiritsa opanda zingwe si nkhani yayikulu. The "Interim Regulations on Radio Management of Wireless Charging (Power Transmission) Equipment (Draft for Comments)" yofalitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Information Technology ikunena kuti sipekitiramu ya 19-21kHz ndi 79-90kHz ndiyokhazikika pamagalimoto opangira ma waya opanda zingwe. Kafukufuku wofunikira akuwonetsa kuti pokhapokha mphamvu yolipiritsa ikapitilira 20kW ndipo thupi la munthu limalumikizana kwambiri ndi malo opangira, zitha kukhala ndi vuto linalake pathupi. Komabe, izi zimafunanso kuti maphwando onse apitirize kufalitsa chitetezo chisanazindikiridwe ndi ogula.
Ziribe kanthu momwe ukadaulo wopangira ma waya opanda zingwe umakhala wothandiza komanso momwe mawonekedwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi osavuta, pali njira yayitali yoti ipitirire kuti isagulidwe pamlingo waukulu. Kutuluka mu labotale ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito m'moyo weniweni, njira yopita kumagalimoto opanda zingwe ndi yayitali komanso yovuta.
Ngakhale maphwando onse akuwunika mwamphamvu ukadaulo wamagalimoto opanda zingwe pamagalimoto, lingaliro la "kulipira maloboti" latulukiranso mwakachetechete. Zowawa zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndi kuyitanitsa opanda zingwe zikuyimira vuto la kuyitanitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zidzagwirizane ndi lingaliro la kuyendetsa popanda dalaivala m'tsogolomu. Koma pali njira zambiri zopita ku Roma.
Chifukwa chake, "maroboti othamangitsa" ayambanso kukhala chowonjezera munjira yolipira mwanzeru zamagalimoto. Posachedwapa, bungwe la Beijing Sub-Central Construction National Green Development Demonstration Zone loyesa magetsi linakhazikitsa loboti yolipirira mabasi yomwe imatha kulipiritsa mabasi amagetsi.
Basi yamagetsi ikalowa m'malo othamangitsira, dongosolo la masomphenya limatenga chidziwitso chakufika kwagalimoto, ndipo makina otumizira kumbuyo nthawi yomweyo amapereka ntchito yolipiritsa kwa loboti. Mothandizidwa ndi njira yopezera njira komanso njira yoyenda, lobotiyo imayendetsa yokha kupita pamalo othamangitsira ndipo imangotenga mfuti yoyimbira. , pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonera malo kuti adziwe komwe kuli doko lolipiritsa galimoto yamagetsi ndikuchita ntchito zolipiritsa zokha.
Inde, makampani amagalimoto ayambanso kuona ubwino wa "kulipira ma robot". Pa 2023 Shanghai Auto Show, Lotus adatulutsa loboti yolipiritsa. Galimotoyo ikafunika kulingidwa, loboti imatha kutambasula dzanja lake lochita kupanga ndikulowetsa mfutiyo m'bowo lamotolo. Ikatha kulipira, imathanso kutulutsa mfutiyo yokha, ndikumaliza ntchito yonse kuyambira poyambira mpaka kulipiritsa galimotoyo.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma robot opangira ndalama samangokhalira kuthamangitsa opanda zingwe, komanso amatha kuthetsa vuto la kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi opanda zingwe. Ogwiritsanso ntchito amathanso kusangalala ndi kuchulukirachulukira popanda kutuluka mgalimoto. Zachidziwikire, kulipiritsa maloboti kudzaphatikizanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zanzeru monga kuyika ndi kupewa zopinga.
Chidule cha nkhaniyi: Nkhani yakuwonjezeranso mphamvu zamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi nthawi zonse yakhala nkhani yomwe maphwando onse amakampani amawona kufunika kwake. Pakalipano, njira yothetsera kuchulukirachulukira ndi njira yosinthira batri ndiyo njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu. Mwachidziwitso, mayankho awiriwa ndi okwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za kubwezeretsanso mphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamlingo wina wake. N’zoona kuti nthawi zonse zinthu zikupita patsogolo. Mwina mkubwela kwa nthawi yosayendetsa, maloboti ochapira opanda zingwe ndi kulipiritsa atha kubweretsa mwayi watsopano.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2024