Mawu Oyamba: Malo Oyesera Kuzizira kwa Nyengo Yozizira
Kuchokera ku Harbin, likulu la kumpoto kwenikweni kwa China, kupita ku Heihe, m’chigawo cha Heilongjiang, kutsidya lina la mtsinje kuchokera ku Russia, nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri imatsika kufika pa -30°C. Ngakhale kuti nyengo inali yoipa chonchi, chinthu chochititsa chidwi chatulukira: chiwerengero chachikulu chamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuphatikizirapo mitundu yaposachedwa kwambiri, amakopeka ndi malo otsetsereka a chipale chofewawa kuti azitha kuyesa molimba mtima. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira koyesa kumadera ozizira, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira pagalimoto iliyonse yatsopano isanayambike pamsika.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwunika kwachitetezo panyengo yachifunga komanso chipale chofewa, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano amayeneranso kuwunika mozama moyo wa batri, kuthekera kwacharging, ndi magwiridwe antchito a mpweya.
Makampani opanga magalimoto a Heihe ozizira-zone test drive adakula ndikukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kusintha bwino "zinthu zozizira kwambiri" zaderali kukhala "makampani oyendetsa mayeso". Malipoti akumaloko akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ndi magalimoto amtundu wamafuta omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakuyesa chaka chino ndi pafupifupi zofanana, kuwonetsa momwe msika wamagalimoto onyamula anthu ukuyendera. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kugulitsa kwa magalimoto apanyumba kudzafika pa 22.6 miliyoni mu 2024, pomwe magalimoto amtundu wamafuta azikhala 11.55 miliyoni, ndipo magalimoto amagetsi atsopano adzakwera kwambiri mpaka 11.05 miliyoni.
Kusintha kwaukadaulo pakuchita kwa batri
Vuto lalikulu lomwe magalimoto amagetsi akukumana nalo m'malo ozizira amakhalabe ntchito ya batri. Mabatire amtundu wa lithiamu nthawi zambiri amatsika kwambiri pakutentha kotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhawa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwaukadaulo wa batri kukuthana ndi zovuta izi. Gulu lofufuza ku Shenzhen posachedwapa layesa batire yawo yomwe yangopangidwa kumene ku Heihe, ndikupeza mochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa 70% pa -25°C. Kupambana kwaukadaulo uku sikungowonjezera magwiridwe antchito agalimoto pamalo oundana, komanso kumathandizira kukula kwamakampani amagalimoto amagetsi.
Harbin Institute of Technology's New Energy Materials and Devices Laboratory ili patsogolo pazatsopanozi. Ofufuza akupanga mabatire okhala ndi zida zotsogola za cathode ndi anode komanso ma electrolyte otsika kwambiri kutentha, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino m'malo otsika mpaka -40 ° C. Mabatire awa adayikidwa mu kafukufuku wasayansi ku Antarctic kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuwonetsa kudalirika kwawo pamikhalidwe yoyipa. Kuonjezera apo, labotale yakwaniritsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndi batri yapawiri-ion yomwe yangopangidwa kumene yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito pa -60 ° C, yokhala ndi mphamvu yozungulira nthawi ya 20,000 pamene ikusunga 86.7% ya mphamvu zake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabatire a foni yam'manja opangidwa ndi ukadaulo uwu amatha kusunga mphamvu yopitilira 80% ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri kwa zaka 50.
Ubwino wa mabatire agalimoto amphamvu
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri kumapereka maubwino angapo omwe amapangitsa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kukhala okhazikika m'malo mwa magalimoto amtundu wamafuta. Choyamba, mabatire atsopano amagetsi amagetsi, makamaka mabatire a lithiamu-ion, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kusunga mphamvu zambiri mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana. Izi sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, komanso zimakwaniritsa zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wamakono wa batri umathandizira kuthamangitsa mwachangu, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kulipiritsa magalimoto awo mwachangu komanso moyenera, potero amachepetsa nthawi. Moyo wautali wautumiki komanso zofunikira zochepa zosamalira mabatire agalimoto yamphamvu zatsopano zimawonjezera kukopa kwawo, chifukwa amatha kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito ngakhale atayira kangapo ndikutulutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi machitidwe osavuta amagetsi komanso ndalama zochepetsera zosamalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi mwayi wosankha ogula.
Zinthu zachilengedwe ndizofunikanso kwambiri pazabwino zamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Mosiyana ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe, mabatire amagetsi atsopano satulutsa mpweya woyipa panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso mabatire, kubweza ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito kungachepetse kwambiri zinyalala zazinthu ndikuchepetsa kulemedwa ndi chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire amakono ali ndi machitidwe owongolera anzeru omwe amatha kuyang'anira momwe mabatire alili munthawi yeniyeni, kukhathamiritsa njira yolipirira ndi kutulutsa, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Pemphani mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kuti mulimbikitse chitukuko chokhazikika
Pamene dziko likulimbana ndi mavuto aakulu monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji yatsopano yamagalimoto amphamvu kumapereka mwayi wabwino kuti mayiko agwirizane kuti apange gulu lokhazikika. Kuphatikizika kopambana kwa magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo ndi mabatire agalimoto amphamvu zatsopano kumatha kulimbikitsa njira zolipirira zobiriwira, kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta oyaka, ndikupanga tsogolo labwino komanso lokhazikika.
Mwachidule, machitidwe opambana a magalimoto amagetsi atsopano pa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri, zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa magalimoto amagetsi kuti asinthe bizinesi yamagalimoto. Pamene mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika, kuyitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu ndi koonekeratu: kuvomereza zatsopano, kuyika ndalama pa kafukufuku, ndikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange dziko lobiriwira, lokhazikika la mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-13-2025