Vuto la “ukalamba” lili paliponse.Tsopano ndi nthawi ya gawo la batri.
"Mabatire ambiri amagetsi atsopano adzakhala ndi zitsimikizo zawo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zikubwerazi, ndipo ndizofunikira kuthetsa vuto la moyo wa batri."Posachedwapa, Li Bin, tcheyamani ndi CEO wa NIO, wachenjeza nthawi zambiri kuti ngati nkhaniyi singathe kuyendetsedwa bwino, m'tsogolomu Ndalama zazikulu zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto otsatirawa.
Kwa msika wa batri yamagetsi, chaka chino ndi chaka chapadera.Mu 2016, dziko langa linakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chitsimikizo cha zaka 8 kapena 120,000-kilomita pamabatire agalimoto atsopano.Masiku ano, mabatire a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ogulidwa m'chaka choyamba cha ndondomeko akuyandikira kapena kufika kumapeto kwa nthawi ya chitsimikizo.Deta ikuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zikubwerazi, magalimoto opitilira 19 miliyoni amagetsi adzalowa pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mabatire.
Kwa makampani agalimoto omwe akufuna kuchita bizinesi ya batri, uwu ndi msika woti musaphonye.
Mu 1995, galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi yatsopano ya dziko langa idagubuduzika pamzere wa msonkhano - basi yamagetsi yamagetsi yotchedwa "Yuanwang".M’zaka 20 zapitazi, makampani opanga magalimoto oyendera magetsi m’dziko langa ayamba pang’onopang’ono.
Chifukwa phokosolo ndi laling'ono kwambiri ndipo makamaka ndi magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito sanathe kusangalala ndi miyezo yogwirizana ya dziko la "mtima" wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu - batire.Madera ena, mizinda kapena makampani amagalimoto apanganso miyezo yachitetezo cha batri yamphamvu, yomwe ambiri amapereka chitsimikizo chazaka 5 kapena 100,000-kilomita, koma mphamvu yomangirira siili yolimba.
Sizinafike mpaka 2015 kuti malonda a pachaka a dziko langa a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu anayamba kupitirira chizindikiro cha 300,000, kukhala mphamvu yatsopano yomwe siingakhoze kunyalanyazidwa.Kuonjezera apo, boma limapereka ndondomeko za "ndalama zenizeni" monga thandizo la mphamvu zatsopano komanso kumasulidwa kwa msonkho wogula kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano, ndipo makampani agalimoto ndi anthu akugwiranso ntchito limodzi.
Mu 2016, mfundo yotsimikizika yachitetezo cha batri yamtundu wamtundu umodzi idayamba.Chitsimikizo cha zaka 8 kapena makilomita 120,000 ndi yaitali kuposa zaka 3 kapena makilomita 60,000 a injini.Poyankha ndondomekoyi komanso poganizira kukulitsa malonda amagetsi atsopano, makampani ena amagalimoto awonjezera nthawi ya chitsimikizo mpaka ma kilomita 240,000 kapena chitsimikizo cha moyo wonse.Izi zikufanana ndi kupatsa ogula omwe akufuna kugula magalimoto atsopano amphamvu "chitsimikizo".
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, msika wamagetsi watsopano wa dziko langa walowa mu siteji ya kukula kwawiri-liwiro, ndi malonda opitilira magalimoto opitirira miliyoni imodzi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2018. Kuyambira chaka chatha, chiwerengero cha magalimoto amphamvu atsopano omwe ali ndi zitsimikizo za zaka zisanu ndi zitatu anafika 19,5. miliyoni, kuchulukitsa kowirikiza ka 60 kuchokera zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo.
Momwemonso, kuyambira 2025 mpaka 2032, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano okhala ndi zitsimikizo za batri zomwe zidatha ntchito zidzawonjezekanso chaka ndi chaka, kuyambira pa 320,000 mpaka 7.33 miliyoni.Li Bin adanenanso kuti kuyambira chaka chamawa, ogwiritsa ntchito adzakumana ndi mavuto monga batire yamagetsi yopanda chitsimikizo, "mabatire agalimoto amakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana" komanso ndalama zambiri zosinthira batire.
Chodabwitsa ichi chidzakhala chowonekera kwambiri m'magulu oyambirira a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.Panthawiyo, ukadaulo wa batri, njira zopangira zinthu, komanso ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pake sizinali zokhwima mokwanira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino.Cha m'chaka cha 2017, nkhani za moto wa batri yamphamvu zinatuluka.Nkhani yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha batri yakhala nkhani yovuta kwambiri m'makampani ndipo yakhudzanso chidaliro cha ogula pogula magalimoto amagetsi atsopano.
Pakalipano, mu makampani amakhulupirira kuti moyo wa batri nthawi zambiri umakhala zaka 3-5, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa galimoto nthawi zambiri umaposa zaka 5.Batire ndi gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri lagalimoto yatsopano yamagetsi, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 30% ya mtengo wonse wagalimoto.
NIO imapereka zidziwitso zambiri zamtengo wamapaketi a batri olowa m'malo atagulitsa magalimoto ena atsopano amphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya batire ya mtundu wamagetsi wamtundu wa "A" ndi 96.1kWh, ndipo mtengo wosinthira batire ndi wokwera mpaka 233,000 yuan.Pamitundu iwiri yotalikirapo yokhala ndi mphamvu ya batri pafupifupi 40kWh, mtengo wosinthira batire ndi wopitilira 80,000 yuan.Ngakhale pamitundu yosakanizidwa yokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yosapitilira 30kWh, mtengo wosinthira batire uli pafupi ndi 60,000 yuan.
"Zitsanzo zina zochokera kwa opanga ochezeka zathamanga makilomita 1 miliyoni, koma mabatire atatu awonongeka," adatero Li Bin.Mtengo wosinthira mabatire atatu wadutsa mtengo wagalimoto yokhayo.
Ngati mtengo wosinthira batire utasinthidwa kukhala 60,000 yuan, ndiye kuti magalimoto atsopano okwana 19.5 miliyoni omwe chitsimikizo chawo cha batri chidzatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu chidzapanga msika watsopano wa madola thililiyoni.Kuchokera kumtunda kwamakampani amigodi a lithiamu kupita kumakampani amagetsi amagetsi apakati mpaka kumakampani agalimoto otsika komanso otsika komanso ogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda, onse adzapindula ndi izi.
Ngati makampani akufuna kupeza zambiri za pie, ayenera kupikisana kuti awone yemwe angathe kupanga batri yatsopano yomwe ingagwire bwino "mitima" ya ogula.
M'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zikubwerazi, mabatire agalimoto pafupifupi 20 miliyoni alowa m'malo.Makampani a mabatire ndi makampani amagalimoto onse akufuna kulanda "bizinesi" iyi.
Monga njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mphamvu zatsopano, makampani ambiri anenanso kuti ukadaulo wa batri umatenganso masanjidwe amizere yambiri monga lithiamu iron phosphate, ternary lithiamu, lithiamu iron manganese phosphate, semi-solid state, komanso dziko lolimba.Pakadali pano, lithiamu iron phosphate ndi mabatire a ternary lithiamu ndizomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 99% yazotulutsa zonse.
Panopa, dziko makampani muyezo batire attenuation sangathe upambana 20% pa nthawi chitsimikizo, ndipo amafuna kuti attenuation mphamvu si upambana 80% pambuyo 1,000 mlandu zonse ndi kutulutsa m'zinthu.
Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, ndizovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikirazi chifukwa cha zotsatira za kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwapamwamba ndi kutulutsa.Deta ikuwonetsa kuti pakadali pano, mabatire ambiri amakhala ndi thanzi la 70% panthawi ya chitsimikizo.Pamene thanzi la batri likutsika pansi pa 70%, ntchito yake idzagwa kwambiri, chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito chidzakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo mavuto a chitetezo adzauka.
Malingana ndi Weilai, kuchepa kwa moyo wa batri kumakhudzana makamaka ndi zizoloŵezi zogwiritsira ntchito eni galimoto ndi "kusungirako galimoto" njira, zomwe "kusungirako galimoto" kumakhala 85%.Madokotala ena adanenanso kuti ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano masiku ano azolowera kugwiritsa ntchito kulipiritsa mwachangu kuti awonjezere mphamvu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kumawonjezera kukalamba kwa batri ndikufupikitsa moyo wa batri.
Li Bin amakhulupirira kuti 2024 ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri."Ndikofunikira kupanga dongosolo labwino la moyo wa batri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, makampani onse, komanso anthu onse."
Ponena za chitukuko chamakono cha teknoloji ya batri, mapangidwe a mabatire a moyo wautali ndi oyenera kwambiri pamsika.Batire yomwe imatchedwa moyo wautali, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "non-attenuation batire", imachokera ku mabatire amadzimadzi omwe alipo (makamaka ternary lithiamu mabatire ndi mabatire a lithiamu carbonate) ndi kusintha kwa nano-process muzinthu zabwino ndi zoipa za electrode kuti achedwetse kuwonongeka kwa Battery. .Ndiye kuti, zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi zimawonjezedwa ndi "lithium replenishing agent", ndipo ma elekitirodi olakwika amapangidwa ndi silicon.
Mawu akuti "silicon doping ndi lithiamu replenishing".Akatswiri ena adanena kuti panthawi yolipiritsa mphamvu zatsopano, makamaka ngati kulipiritsa mwamsanga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, "mayamwidwe a lithiamu" adzachitika, ndiko kuti, lithiamu yatayika.Lithium supplementation imatha kukulitsa moyo wa batri, pomwe silicon doping imatha kufupikitsa nthawi yothamangitsa batire mwachangu.
M'malo mwake, makampani oyenerera akugwira ntchito molimbika kukonza moyo wa batri.Pa Marichi 14, NIO idatulutsa njira yake yayitali ya batri.Pamsonkhanowu, NIO idalengeza kuti 150kWh ultra-high-high energy density battery system yomwe idapangidwa imakhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa 50% ndikusunga voliyumu yomweyo.Chaka chatha, Weilai ET7 anali ndi batire ya 150-degree kuyesa kwenikweni, ndipo moyo wa batri wa CLTC unadutsa makilomita 1,000.
Kuphatikiza apo, NIO yapanganso batire yofewa ya 100kWh yodzaza ma cell a CTP ndi batire ya 75kWh ternary iron-lithium hybrid.Selo lalikulu lopangidwa ndi batire la cylindrical lomwe limatha kukana kwambiri mkati mwa 1.6 milliohms lili ndi 5C yotha kulipiritsa ndipo limatha mpaka 255km pakulipira kwa mphindi zisanu.
NIO idati kutengera kusintha kwa batire yayikulu, moyo wa batri utha kukhalabe ndi thanzi la 80% pakatha zaka 12, zomwe ndi zapamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwaumoyo wa 70% m'zaka 8.Tsopano, NIO ikugwirizana ndi CATL kuti ipange pamodzi mabatire a moyo wautali, ndi cholinga chokhala ndi thanzi labwino osachepera 85% pamene moyo wa batri umatha zaka 15.
Izi zisanachitike, CATL idalengeza mu 2020 kuti idapanga "zero attenuation batri" yomwe imatha kutsitsa zero mkati mwa mizere 1,500.Malinga ndi anthu odziwa bwino nkhaniyi, batire lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu za CATL, koma palibe nkhani yokhudzana ndi magalimoto onyamula mphamvu zatsopano.
Panthawi imeneyi, CATL ndi Zhiji Automobile pamodzi anamanga mabatire mphamvu ntchito "silicon-doped lithiamu-wowonjezera" luso, kunena kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa ziro attenuation ndi "konse mowiriza kuyaka" kwa makilomita 200,000, ndi pazipita kachulukidwe mphamvu batire pachimake akhoza. kufika 300Wh/kg.
Kutchuka ndi kukwezedwa kwa mabatire a moyo wautali kuli ndi tanthauzo linalake kwa makampani amagalimoto, ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano komanso makampani onse.
Choyamba, kwa makampani amagalimoto ndi opanga mabatire, kumawonjezera chiwongolero chomenyera nkhondo kukhazikitsa mulingo wa batri.Aliyense amene angapange kapena kuyika mabatire a moyo wautali kaye adzakhala ndi zonena zambiri ndikukhala ndimisika yambiri poyamba.Makamaka makampani omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi msika wosinthira mabatire amafunitsitsa kwambiri.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, dziko langa silinapangebe batire yolumikizana modular muyezo pakadali pano.Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wosinthira batire ndiye gawo loyesa kuyesa batire yamagetsi.Xin Guobin, Wachiwiri kwa Nduna ya Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso, adanenanso momveka bwino mu June chaka chatha kuti aphunzira ndikuphatikiza njira yosinthira batri ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa kukula kwa batri, mawonekedwe osinthira batire, njira zolumikizirana ndi mfundo zina. .Izi sizimangolimbikitsa kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kwa mabatire, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira komanso kukonza bwino kupanga.
Mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukhala okhazikika pamsika wosinthira mabatire akufulumizitsa zoyesayesa zawo.Potengera chitsanzo cha NIO, kutengera momwe mabatire amagwirira ntchito komanso kukonza kwa data yayikulu ya batri, NIO yakulitsa moyo wa mabatire ndi mtengo wake pamakina omwe alipo.Izi zimabweretsa malo osintha mitengo ya ntchito zobwereketsa mabatire a BaaS.Muntchito yatsopano yobwereketsa batire ya BaaS, mtengo wobwereketsa batire watsitsidwa kuchoka pa 980 yuan mpaka 728 yuan pamwezi, ndipo batire la moyo wautali lasinthidwa kuchoka pa 1,680 yuan kupita ku 1,128 yuan pamwezi.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti kumanga mgwirizano wosinthanitsa mphamvu pakati pa anzawo kumagwirizana ndi malangizo.
NIO ndi mtsogoleri pazakusintha kwa batri.Chaka chatha, Weilai adalowa mumtundu wamtundu wa batri "sankhani imodzi mwa zinayi".Pakadali pano, NIO yamanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo osinthira mabatire opitilira 2,300 pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo yakopa Changan, Geely, JAC, Chery ndi makampani ena amagalimoto kuti agwirizane ndi netiweki yake yosinthira mabatire.Malinga ndi malipoti, malo osinthira mabatire a NIO amasinthasintha mabatire 70,000 patsiku, ndipo kuyambira Marichi chaka chino, apatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mabatire 40 miliyoni.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa NIO kwa mabatire amoyo wautali posachedwa kungathandize kuti malo ake pamsika wosinthira mabatire akhale okhazikika, komanso atha kuwonjezera kulemera kwake kukhala choyimira chosinthira batire.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutchuka kwa mabatire a moyo wautali kudzathandiza ma brand kuonjezera malipiro awo.Munthu wina wamkati adati, "Mabatire amoyo wautali pakadali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zapamwamba."
Kwa ogula, ngati mabatire a moyo wautali amapangidwa mochuluka ndikuyikidwa m'magalimoto, nthawi zambiri samasowa kulipira kuti alowe m'malo mwa batri panthawi ya chitsimikizo, akuzindikiradi "nthawi yomweyi ya galimoto ndi batri."Itha kuwonedwanso ngati kuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira batire mwanjira ina.
Ngakhale zikugogomezera mu buku latsopano mphamvu galimoto chitsimikizo kuti batire akhoza m'malo kwaulere pa nthawi chitsimikizo.Komabe, munthu wodziwa bwino nkhaniyi adanena kuti kusintha kwa batire kwaulere kumatengera momwe zinthu ziliri."Muzochitika zenizeni, kusintha kwaulere sikumaperekedwa kawirikawiri, ndipo m'malo mwake adzakanidwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana."Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina umalemba kuchuluka kwa zomwe sizili ndi chitsimikizo, chimodzi mwazomwe ndi "kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto" Panthawiyi, kuchuluka kwa batire ndi 80% kuposa kuchuluka kwa batire.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, mabatire a moyo wautali tsopano ndi bizinesi yokhoza.Koma pamene idzatchuka pamlingo waukulu, nthawiyo sinadziwikebe.Kupatula apo, aliyense atha kuyankhula za chiphunzitso chaukadaulo wa silicon-doped lithiamu-replenishing, komabe imafunikira kutsimikizika kwa ndondomeko ndi kuyesa pa bolodi musanagwiritse ntchito malonda."Kuzungulira kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wa batri wa m'badwo woyamba kudzatenga zaka ziwiri," watero wolemba zamakampani.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2024