M'zaka zaposachedwapa, China latsopanomphamvu zamagalimoto makampaniyakhala ikutukuka mwachangu ndipo yakhala wofunikira kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamsika waposachedwa komanso kusanthula kwamakampani, China sikuti idangopeza bwino pamsika wapakhomo, komanso yawonetsa kupikisana kwakukulu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Nkhaniyi iwunika momwe zinthu zilili pano, zovuta komanso momwe zitukuko zikuyendera m'tsogolomu zomwe zimatumizidwa ku China kuchokera kumitundu ingapo.
1. Kukwera kofulumira kwamakampani opanga magalimoto aku China
Kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto atsopano a magetsi ku China kungayambike ku 2010, pamene dzikolo linayambitsa ndondomeko zolimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi. Ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kukwera kwamitengo yamisika, opanga magalimoto amagetsi aku China monga BYD, NIO, ndi Xpeng atulukira mwachangu ndikukhala osewera ofunikira pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, kugulitsa kwa China magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kudafika 6.8 miliyoni mu 2022, zomwe zikuwerengera pafupifupi 60% yazogulitsa zamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengerochi sichimangowonetsa utsogoleri wa China pamagalimoto amagetsi, komanso zikuwonetsa mphamvu zake zamphamvu muukadaulo waukadaulo komanso kukwezedwa kwa msika.
2. Kukula kwa misika yogulitsa kunja
Pamene msika wapakhomo ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, opanga magalimoto atsopano aku China akuyamba kuyang'ana msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku General Administration of Customs, magalimoto atsopano aku China omwe amatumizidwa kunja adafika mayunitsi 500,000 mu 2022, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 120%. Kukula kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu izi:
(1) Ubwino waukadaulo: Magalimoto amagetsi atsopano aku China apita patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo wa batri, luntha, komanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Mwachitsanzo, BYD a tsamba batire ali ndi ntchito kwambiri chitetezo ndi kupirira, kukopa makasitomala ambiri mayiko.
(2) Kupikisana pamitengo: Mtengo wamagalimoto atsopano aku China ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula osiyanasiyana. Kwa ogula m'misika yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, mtengo ndiwofunikira posankha magalimoto amagetsi.
(3) Thandizo la ndondomeko: Boma la China lapereka chithandizo cha ndondomeko zotumizira kunja kwa magalimoto amphamvu atsopano, kuphatikizapo misonkho ndi ndalama zogulira kunja, ndi zina zotero. Ndondomekozi zachepetsa bwino ndalama zoyendetsera bizinesi ndikupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wawo wapadziko lonse.
3. Kusanthula misika yayikulu yotumiza kunja
Misika yaku China yogulitsa magalimoto onyamula mphamvu zatsopano imakhazikika ku Europe, Southeast Asia, South America ndi madera ena.
(1) Msika waku Europe: Pamene mayiko aku Europe amayang'ana kwambiri malamulo oteteza chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi kukukulirakulira. Opanga aku China monga Weilai ndi Xiaopeng achita bwino kwambiri pamsika waku Europe, makamaka m'maiko monga Norway, Germany ndi France. Kulemba bwino kwa Weilai ku Norway kukuwonetsa kuchulukitsidwa kwamitundu yamagalimoto amagetsi aku China pamsika waku Europe.
(2) Msika waku Southeast Asia: Maiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia monga Thailand ndi Indonesia nawonso akhala misika yofunika yotumiza kunja kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano aku China. Maboma a mayikowa amalimbikitsa kwambiri kutchuka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndikupereka malo abwino amsika. Ntchito ya mabasi yamagetsi ya BYD ku Thailand yakhala yopambana, ndikuphatikizanso malo ake pamsika waku Southeast Asia.
(3) Msika waku South America: Kufunika kwa magalimoto amagetsi pamsika waku South America kukuchulukiranso pang'onopang'ono. Opanga magalimoto amagetsi atsopano aku China atsegula pang'onopang'ono misika m'maiko monga Brazil ndi Argentina pogwirizana ndi makampani akumeneko.
IV. Zovuta
Ngakhale magalimoto atsopano aku China achita bwino kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, akukumana ndi zovuta zina:
(1)Kudziwitsa zamtundu: Ngakhale magalimoto aku China opangira mphamvu zatsopano ali ndi zabwino muukadaulo komanso mtengo, m'maiko ena otukuka, kuzindikira kwa ogula zamitundu yaku China kukadali kotsika. Momwe mungakulitsire chithunzi chamtundu komanso kukhulupirirana kwa ogula ndi vuto lomwe makampani aku China akuyenera kuthetsa.
(2)Zolepheretsa zamalonda zapadziko lonse lapansi: Mayiko ena akhazikitsa mitengo yokwera komanso milingo yaukadaulo yamagalimoto amagetsi obwera kunja, zomwe zimalepheretsa kutumiza magalimoto amagetsi atsopano aku China. Makampani aku China ayenera kuyankha mwachangu pazolepheretsa zamalondazi ndikupeza njira zoyenera zolowera msika.
(3) Kusiyana kwaukadaulo: Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi miyezo yosiyana yaukadaulo ndi zofunikira zachitetezo pamagalimoto amagetsi. Makampani aku China akuyenera kupanga zosintha zofananira ndikusintha malinga ndi zomwe akufuna pamsika womwe akufuna.
V. Tsogolo la Chitukuko
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, chiyembekezo chatsopano cha magalimoto ku China chikupitilirabe. Pamene dziko lapansi likuyang'ana kwambiri chitukuko chokhazikika, kufunikira kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi kupitilira kukula. Makampani aku China amatha kukulitsa misika yawo yapadziko lonse lapansi motere:
(1) Limbikitsani luso laukadaulo: Pitilizani kukulitsa ndalama za R&D kuti mupititse patsogolo ukadaulo wa batri, mulingo wanzeru komanso luso loyendetsa galimoto kuti mukwaniritse miyezo yapamwamba pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
(2) Khazikitsani njira zopezera zinthu padziko lonse lapansi: Pokhazikitsa maziko opangira zinthu ndi malo opangira R&D kutsidya kwa nyanja, titha kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, kupititsa patsogolo liwiro la msika, ndikukulitsa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi.
(3) Limbikitsani chithunzi cha mtundu: Wonjezerani kuwonekera kwa mtunduwo padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwonjezera kukhulupilika kwa ogula potenga nawo gawo pazowonetsa zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuthandizira zochitika zamasewera, ndi zina.
(4) Yankhani mwachangu kusintha kwa ndondomeko: Samalirani kwambiri kusintha kwa ndondomeko pamsika wapadziko lonse ndikusintha mosavuta njira za msika kuti muthe kuthana ndi zolepheretsa zamalonda zomwe zingatheke komanso kusiyana kwa miyezo yaukadaulo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-26-2025