Kwa Gulu Logwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Udindo wa Magalimoto a Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Momwe Magalimoto Agalimoto Amafuta A Hydrogen Ali Pakalipano

Kukula kwa hydrogen mafuta cellmagalimoto(FCVs) ili pachiwopsezo

pa nthawiyi, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa thandizo la boma ndi kuyankha kofunda kwa msika kukupanga chododometsa. Ndondomeko zaposachedwa monga "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Ntchito Zamagetsi mu 2025" zoperekedwa ndi National Energy Administration of China zimalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amafuta. 10.4% ndi 12.6% chaka ndi chaka motsatana, kutsika uku kumasokoneza kukula kosalekeza kuyambira 2021 ndikuwunikira zovuta zomwe makampani amagalimoto amafuta a hydrogen akukumana nawo.

Othandizira ukadaulo wa ma cell amafuta a hydrogen amapeza zabwino zake, kuphatikiza kutulutsa ziro, kuyaka bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa haidrojeni kukhala njira yodalirika yosinthira mafuta achilengedwe. Komabe, otsutsa amanena kuti haidrojeni imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zosinthira mphamvu ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta zambiri ponyamula ndi kusunga haidrojeni. Mkanganowu pakati pa chithandizo cha mfundo ndi momwe msika umagwirira ntchito ukuwonetsa zovuta zomwe zidachitika m'makampani opanga magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira yolumikizirana kuti athetse kusiyana pakati pazatsopano ndi kuvomereza kwa ogula.

Njira zosiyanasiyana komanso chitukuko chapadziko lonse lapansi

Kuyang'ana padziko lonse lapansi, kukula kwa magalimoto a haidrojeni kukuwonetsa kusiyanitsa koonekeratu. Mayiko monga Germany apita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo adamanga njira ya sitima yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni. France yakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya taxi ya haidrojeni mogwirizana ndi zimphona zamagalimoto Hyundai ndi Toyota. Pakadali pano, China yatumiza magalimoto pafupifupi 30,000 amafuta a hydrogen ndikumanga masiteshoni opitilira 500 a hydrogen. Ngakhale izi zikupita patsogolo, kukula kwa msika ndi kutchuka kwa magalimoto a hydrogen mafuta akadali ochepa, ndipo ndalama zawo zimakhala zovuta kupikisana ndi magalimoto amagetsi a lithiamu batire.

Ku China, opanga magalimoto akutenga njira zosiyana kwambiri. Makampani monga SAIC ndi Great Wall Motors akuika ndalama zawo popanga ukadaulo wawo wamafuta a hydrogen, pomwe makampani monga BYD ndi Geely akuyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wosakanizidwa. Kusiyanaku kukuwonetsa kukayikira za tsogolo la magalimoto amafuta a haidrojeni komanso mawonekedwe okulirapo amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta pakusungirako ma hydrogen ndi zoyendera - monga kukwera mtengo kwa akasinja othamanga kwambiri komanso kuchulukira kwamphamvu kwa cryogenic liquid hydrogen yosungirako - kumabweretsa chotchinga chachikulu pakutengera kufalikira. Kupanga mapaipi oyendera ma hydrogen kumafunanso ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthekera kwachuma kwa magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen.

Itanani mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi ndalama

Ubwino womwe ungakhalepo wamagalimoto amafuta a hydrogen ndiwochulukira. Amapereka njira yotetezera chilengedwe, amatulutsa makamaka nthunzi yamadzi, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri mpweya wowonjezera kutentha poyerekeza ndi magalimoto oyendera mafuta. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kudzipereka kwa mayiko pa chitukuko chokhazikika komanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, haidrojeni ndi chonyamulira mphamvu zosunthika zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana monga electrolysis yamadzi ndi kutembenuka kwa biomass, potero kumathandizira chitetezo champhamvu ndikuchepetsa kudalira mafuta otsalira.

Kupitirizabe kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji ya hydrogen fuel cell sikungopititsa patsogolo luso lamakono, komanso kumalimbikitsa kukula kwachuma popanga ntchito zatsopano m'mafakitale ogwirizana nawo. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi wofunikira pakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamagetsi a haidrojeni, popeza maiko ambiri adachita nawo ntchito zogwirira ntchito limodzi pofuna kulimbikitsa kugawana nzeru ndi chuma. Maboma padziko lonse lapansi akupanganso ndondomeko ndi mfundo zolimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale a mphamvu ya haidrojeni, zomwe zimapereka ndondomeko yofunikira kuti mayiko akunja azitsatira.

Pamene tikuyesetsa kumanga gulu logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, mayiko onse ayenera kuyika ndalama m'njira yoyenera. Kupanga magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen ndi gawo lofunikira paulendowu, koma pamafunika kuyesetsa kwa maboma, mafakitale ndi ogula. Pokulitsa chidziwitso cha anthu za mphamvu zoyera ndi zoyendetsa zokhazikika, tikhoza kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimayika patsogolo chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso moyo wa carbon low.

Pomaliza, msewu wopita kumagalimoto amafuta a hydrogen uli ndi zovuta zambiri, komanso mwayi. Kudzipereka kwa opanga magalimoto aku China komanso kuthandizira kwa mfundo zamayiko ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwanyengo. Pamene tikuyang'ana zovuta za kusintha kwa mphamvu, tiyeni tipemphe mayiko onse kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa haidrojeni ndikuthandizana kuti tikwaniritse tsogolo lokhazikika. Tonse pamodzi, titha kukonza njira yoti pakhale gulu lamphamvu lamphamvu komanso loyera, lomwe lidzapindulitse mibadwo yamtsogolo.

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